Imetero itatu - icyiciro cyingufu nigikoresho cyingenzi muri sisitemu yingufu zikoreshwa mugupima imikoreshereze yingufu mubice bitatu - icyiciro cya AC. Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda, ubucuruzi, nini nini zo guturamo zisaba ingufu nyinshi. Ihame ryimikorere rishingiye ku kwinjiza amashanyarazi cyangwa gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike, gupima neza ibicuruzwa biva mu bice bitatu - byumuvuduko wamashanyarazi kandi bigahuzwa mugihe cyo kubara ingufu zikoreshwa. Iyi ngingo izasobanura ihame ryibanze ryakazi, ibice byingenzi, hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwa metero eshatu - icyiciro cya metero yingufu.
Ihame ryibanze rya bitatu - Icyiciro cyingufu zicyiciro
Igikorwa cyibanze cya metero eshatu - icyiciro cyingufu ni gupima ingufu zikoreshwa muri bitatu - icyiciro cya AC. Ihame ryibanze ni ukumenya ibice bitatu - icyiciro cya voltage nicyapa kigezweho, kubara ibicuruzwa byabo ako kanya, hanyuma ukabihuza mugihe kugirango ubone ingufu zose. Sisitemu eshatu - sisitemu yingufu zisanzwe zikoresha inyenyeri (Y) cyangwa delta (Δ) ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi metero zingufu zigomba guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha insinga kugirango hamenyekane neza. Inzira yo kubara ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni:
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi (E)=voltage (U) × ikigezweho (I) factor imbaraga (cosφ) × igihe (t)
Ibice bitatu - icyiciro cyamashanyarazi icyarimwe icyarimwe gipima voltage numuyoboro wibyiciro bitatu, ubara imbaraga za buri cyiciro, hanyuma ukegeranya ingufu zose zamashanyarazi.
Ibice by'ibanze bigize bitatu - Icyiciro cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Ibice bitatu - icyiciro cyamashanyarazi ingufu zigizwe ahanini nibice byingenzi bikurikira:
1.Igice cyo gutoranya amashanyarazi
Igice cyo gutoranya amashanyarazi kigura ibimenyetso bitatu - icyiciro cya voltage ikoresheje ibyuma bigabanya imbaraga za voltage cyangwa imashini ihindura amashanyarazi (PTs) ikabihindura mubimenyetso bya - byerekana ko metero ishobora gutunganya. Iki gice cyemeza gupima neza kandi neza.
Igice cyo Guhitamo Icyitegererezo
Igice cyicyitegererezo mubisanzwe gikoresha transformateur (CT) cyangwa manganin shunt kugirango ihindure umuyaga mwinshi mubimenyetso bigezweho kugirango bitunganyirizwe nyuma. Ibyitegererezo byubu bigomba kuba byukuri kugirango ugabanye amakosa yo gupima.
3.Metering Chip (cyangwa Mechanical Counter)
Ibice bitatu bigezweho - icyiciro cyamashanyarazi mubisanzwe bikoresha ibyuma byabugenewe byabugenewe (nkurukurikirane rwa ADE, ATT7022, nibindi), bishobora kubara byihuse ibicuruzwa byumuriro wa voltage nubu kandi bigakora enterineti kugirango hamenyekane imbaraga nyazo - ningufu zegeranijwe. Imashini gakondo eshatu - icyiciro cyamashanyarazi yishingikiriza kumashanyarazi ya electronique kugirango azunguruke disiki ya aluminium, ipima ingufu mukusanya impinduramatwara hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gare.
4.Microprocessor (MCU)
Muri metero zubwenge, microprocessor ishinzwe gutunganya amakuru, kubika, itumanaho, no kwerekana. Yakira amakuru avuye muri chip, ikapima ingufu zose, kandi ikayobora module y'itumanaho (nka RS485, itumanaho ryitwara, cyangwa itumanaho ridafite umugozi).
5.Ikinamico n'itumanaho
Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi mubisanzwe bifite ibikoresho bya LCD byerekana amakuru agezweho nkimbaraga, voltage, amashanyarazi, ningufu. Module y'itumanaho ishyigikira gusoma metero ya kure ukoresheje protocole nka Modbus na DL / T645, byorohereza ibigo byamashanyarazi gucunga amakuru yo gukoresha amashanyarazi.
Bitatu - Icyiciro cy'ingufu za Metero
1.Kugura ibimenyetso
Imetero yingufu ibanza gukusanya bitatu - icyiciro cya voltage nicyapa kigezweho ukoresheje amashanyarazi ya voltage na transformateur ya none kandi ikora ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso (nko kuyungurura na amplification).
Kubara Imbaraga
Imashini ya chip cyangwa microprocessor ibara imbaraga zako kanya za buri cyiciro (P=U × I × cosφ) kandi igahuza imbaraga eshatu - icyiciro kugirango ibone imbaraga zose.
3.Kwirundanya
Binyuze mugihe cyo guhuza (nukuvuga, gukusanya imbaraga mugihe), metero yingufu zibara ingufu zose zikoreshwa mugihe runaka kandi ikabika mububiko bwimbere.
4.Kwerekana amakuru no gutumanaho
Imetero yingufu yerekana amakuru nyayo - kuri LCD kandi irashobora kohereza amakuru kuri sisitemu yubuyobozi ikoresheje interineti yitumanaho (nka RS485, infragre, cyangwa simsiz), bigafasha gukurikirana kure no gusoma metero.
Bitatu - Icyiciro cy'ingufu za metero
1.Ubukanishi butatu - Icyiciro cy'ingufu z'icyiciro
Ukoresheje ihame rya electromagnetic induction, imbaraga za electromagnetic zatewe na voltage hamwe na coil zubu zitwara kuzenguruka kwa disiki ya aluminium. Uburyo bwa gare noneho ikusanya umubare wimpinduramatwara, amaherezo ikerekana ingufu zikoreshwa.
2.Ibikoresho bitatu bya elegitoronike - Icyiciro cy'ingufu z'icyiciro
Bishingiye ku buhanga bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale, ikoresha ADC - isobanutse neza ADC (igereranya - kugeza kuri - ihinduranya rya digitale) kugirango ikore voltage na current kandi ibara ingufu ikoresheje microprocessor, itanga ubunyangamugayo bukomeye nibikorwa byubwenge.
3.Igice cya gatatu - Icyiciro cy'ingufu z'icyiciro
Yinjijwe hamwe n'itumanaho, kugenzura kure, hamwe n'imikorere yo gucunga imizigo, ishyigikira ibipimo byombi (nka gride - ihuza amashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi), bigatuma ikwiranye na gride yubwenge.
Incamake
Ibice bitatu - icyiciro cya metero zingufu zapima neza voltage - icyiciro cya voltage nicyapa kigezweho, kubara, no gukusanya ingufu zikoreshwa, bikabagira ibikoresho byingenzi byo gupima ingufu no gucunga ingufu. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibyuma bya elegitoroniki nubwenge bitatu - icyiciro cyingufu za metero zigenda zisimbuza buhoro buhoro metero gakondo, zitanga ubunyangamugayo, ubwizerwe, nibikorwa byubwenge. Gusobanukirwa amahame yimikorere ya metero eshatu - icyiciro cyingufu zishobora gufasha kunoza imicungire ya sisitemu yingufu no kuzamura ingufu.
