Nka gikoresho cyibanze cyo gupima ikoreshwa ryingufu muri sisitemu yingufu, igishushanyo mbonera cya metero yumuriro kigira ingaruka itaziguye kubipimo byayo, kwizerwa, nurwego rwubwenge. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bigezweho mubisanzwe bigizwe nuburyo bwinshi bukora bukorana gukusanya, gutunganya, no kohereza amakuru yingufu. Iyi ngingo izasobanura imiterere yibanze nibice byingenzi bigize metero yumuriro uhereye kumashanyarazi na elegitoroniki.
Imiterere ya metero ya mashanyarazi
Imashanyarazi gakondo ya mashini (nka metero induction) ahanini ishingiye kumahame yo kwinjiza amashanyarazi kugirango bapime ingufu. Imiterere yibanze ikubiyemo ibice bikurikira:
1.Gutwara Ikintu
Ikintu cyo gutwara kigizwe na voltage coil hamwe na coil igezweho. Igicapo cya voltage gihujwe kuringaniza nuburemere, mugihe coil iriho ihujwe murukurikirane numutwaro. Iyo imbaraga, utwo dusimba tubiri tubyara umurima wa magneti uhinduranya, ukora kuri aluminiyumu ihinduka, bigatuma izunguruka.
2.Gusubiramo Ikintu
Ikintu kizunguruka kigizwe ahanini na aluminiyumu ihinduranya na shaft. Umwanya wa magneti wakozwe na disiki ya disikuru izunguruka aluminiyumu ihindagurika ku muvuduko ugereranije n'imbaraga zikoreshwa n'umutwaro.
3.Gufata Ikintu
Magnet ya feri itanga feri ya feri muburyo bunyuranye bwo kuzunguruka, bigatuma umuvuduko uhamye bityo gupima neza.
4. Kurwanya
Counter ihujwe nigiti kizunguruka binyuze muri gari ya moshi. Yandika umubare wimpinduramatwara hanyuma uyihindura mukoresha ingufu (mubisanzwe muri kilowatt - amasaha (kWh)).
Imashini ya mashini iroroshye kandi ihendutse, ariko ibabazwa nimbogamizi nko kutamenya neza no kudashobora kuvugana kure. Buhoro buhoro basimburwa na metero za elegitoroniki.
Imiterere ya Metero ya elegitoroniki
Imetero ya elegitoronike ikoresha imiyoboro ya sisitemu hamwe na tekinoroji ya microprocessor, itanga ibipimo byukuri byo gupima no kwagura imikorere. Imiterere yibanze yabo ikubiyemo:
1. Umuyagankuba hamwe na sisitemu yo gutoranya
Imetero ya elegitoronike ikusanya voltage nibimenyetso byubu ikoresheje ibice bitandukanya résistoriste cyangwa transformateur hanyuma ikabihindura mumashanyarazi make - voltage, hasi - ibimenyetso byubu bikwiriye gutunganywa.
2. Analog - kugeza - Digital Converter (ADC)
Ibimenyetso byagereranijwe byahinduwe na ADC mubimenyetso bya digitale ya microprocessor kugirango irusheho kubara ikoreshwa ryingufu.
3. Microprocessor (MCU)
Microprocessor ni "ubwonko" bwa metero ya elegitoronike, ishinzwe gutunganya amakuru, kubara ingufu, kubika, no kugenzura. Irashobora gukora imibare igoye nkuko bikenewe, nkibintu byingufu nimbaraga zo gukurikirana ihindagurika rya voltage.
4.Kina Module
Imashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki isanzwe ikoresha ibintu byerekana amazi (LCD) cyangwa LED yerekana kwerekana amakuru nko gukoresha amashanyarazi, voltage, hamwe nubu. Bimwe murwego rwo hejuru - metero zanyuma nazo zishyigikira kumurika hamwe na - umurongo werekana.
5. Module y'itumanaho
Imashini zigezweho zigezweho zihuza imiyoboro y'itumanaho nka RS - 485, umutwara w'amashanyarazi (PLC), LoRa, na NB-IoT, ushyigikira metero ya kure gusoma, kugenzura imizigo, no gucunga imiyoboro.
6.Urwibutso
Imetero ya elegitoroniki yubatsemo - mububiko butari - (nka EEPROM cyangwa Flash) kububiko bwigihe kirekire - kubika amakuru yingufu, ibiti byabaye, hamwe nibikoresho byabugenewe, byemeza ko amakuru atabura mugihe umuriro wabuze.
7.Isoko ryo gutanga ingufu
Imashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki isanzwe ikoresha amashanyarazi yingoboka (nka transformateur cyangwa guhinduranya amashanyarazi). Moderi zimwe zishobora gukuramo imbaraga ziva kumurongo wo gupima kugirango zizere imikorere yibanze mugihe umuriro wabuze.
Imiterere yuburyo bwubwoko bwihariye bwibipimo byamashanyarazi
1.Ibipimo byishyuwe mbere
Ukurikije metero za elegitoroniki, izi metero zirimo ikarita ya IC cyangwa radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo (RF) ituma abakoresha bagura amashanyarazi mbere yo gukoresha no gukoresha encryption kugirango birinde ubujura bwamashanyarazi.
2.Multi - Ibipimo by'imikorere
Usibye ibipimo fatizo bipima ingufu, izi metero zitanga kandi isesengura rihuza, imibare isaba, hamwe no gutema amakosa, bigatuma bikoreshwa kubakoresha inganda nubucuruzi.
3.Ibipimo byerekana
Metero yubwenge ni verisiyo yazamuye ya metero ya elegitoronike, ihuza ikorana buhanga rya enterineti (IoT) kugirango ishyigikire inzira ebyiri - itumanaho, nyabyo - igihe cyo gusubiza ibiciro byamashanyarazi, hamwe nubuyobozi bwikora bwikora.
Incamake
Igishushanyo mbonera cya metero z'amashanyarazi cyahindutse hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, kuva mubukanishi kugeza kuri elegitoronike kugeza kuri metero nziza. Amahame shingiro yabo yamye ari ibipimo nyabyo, imikorere yizewe, nubuyobozi bwubwenge. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe niterambere rya interineti yingufu, metero z'amashanyarazi zizarushaho guhuza ubwenge bwubukorikori hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru makuru, bihinduke urufunguzo rwingenzi muri gride yubwenge. Gusobanukirwa imiterere ya metero z'amashanyarazi ntabwo byorohereza kubungabunga no gukemura ibibazo gusa ahubwo binashyiraho urufatiro rwo kubaka amashanyarazi mashya.